名词 concept 与 idea 的意思非常相近,而且平常使用时往往可以互换;不过,这两个名词间仍存在显著差异,使用于学术论文时应加以区分。这两个单词间有三个主要差异。首先,一般认为 concept表达较为抽象的意义。出于这个原因,科学及数学领域对这个单词的使用相当频繁,因为抽象概念在这类领域中扮演着特别重要的角色。第二个差异是,当涉及可以明确定义及描述的事物时,会自然而然用concept来表示。相反,idea 往往用于指无法明确描述或定义、或定义有些(或非常)不清楚的事物。第三个差异是,idea 的意义较为广泛,有些定义是 concept 所没有的。
concept 的两个主要意义分别类似于 abstraction 或 construct 以及 understanding 或 comprehension。现由以下例句说明。
- The concept of the infinitesimal limit played a key role in the development of calculus.
- Scientists at that time yet had no concept of how to treat experimental uncertainty.
如果用idea取代上述的 concept,尽管这些句子仍可理解,但因为前面提到的语义差异,可能会有些不自然。
最后,我要以几个例句说明 idea 的典型用法。
- The idea of treating the input and the output on the same footing is quite novel.
- In that paper, the authors develop an idea that was first discussed in Ref. [3].
- I had no idea that you were coming.
- His idea about how to proceed is quite unconventional.
- I once had the idea of becoming an artist.
虽然 concept 用在例句 (3) 和 (4) 并不算错误,但 idea 用在此处更为合适。在例句 (5)-(7) 中,concept 则完全不适用。